Explaining the Allocation of Bilateral and Multilateral Environmental Aid to Developing Countries

In this paper we examine how international development assistance for environmental purposes is allocated to developing countries. In particular, we investigate whether there are patterned differences between environmental aid for international public goods projects versus environmental projects having more localized impacts. We empirically investigate these questions using project project level development assistance data.International Development,

A slowly rotating perfect fluid body in an ambient vacuum

A global model of a slowly rotating perfect fluid ball in general relativity is presented. To second order in the rotation parameter, the junction surface is an ellipsoidal cylinder. The interior is given by a limiting case of the Wahlquist solution, and the vacuum region is not asymptotically flat. The impossibility of joining an asymptotically flat vacuum region has been shown in a preceding work.Comment: 7 pages, published versio

Pharmacology of airway afferent nerve activity

Afferent nerves in the airways serve to regulate breathing pattern, cough, and airway autonomic neural tone. Pharmacologic agents that influence afferent nerve activity can be subclassified into compounds that modulate activity by indirect means (e.g. bronchial smooth muscle spasmogens) and those that act directly on the nerves. Directly acting agents affect afferent nerve activity by interacting with various ion channels and receptors within the membrane of the afferent terminals. Whether by direct or indirect means, most compounds that enter the airspace will modify afferent nerve activity, and through this action alter airway physiology

Superior Facial Expression, But Not Identity Recognition, in Mirror-Touch Synesthesia

Simulation models of expression recognition contend that to understand another's facial expressions, individuals map the perceived expression onto the same sensorimotor representations that are active during the experience of the perceived emotion. To investigate this view, the present study examines facial expression and identity recognition abilities in a rare group of participants who show facilitated sensorimotor simulation (mirror-touch synesthetes). Mirror-touch synesthetes experience touch on their own body when observing touch to another person. These experiences have been linked to heightened sensorimotor simulation in the shared-touch network (brain regions active during the passive observation and experience of touch). Mirror-touch synesthetes outperformed nonsynesthetic participants on measures of facial expression recognition, but not on control measures of face memory or facial identity perception. These findings imply a role for sensorimotor simulation processes in the recognition of facial affect, but not facial identity

Ground Water Occurrence and Utilization in the Arizona - Sonora Border Region

Authors' manuscript for published article / paper presented at Symposium on U.S.-Mexican Transboundary Resources, Part II. (publication information from WorldCat.)This article discusses ground-water resources along the Arizona-Sonora border from Yuma, Arizona to the Douglas-Rio Yaqui region in Eastern Arizona. Transfrontier physiography and geology are reviewed to understand the physical occurrence of ground water, its storage, movement, depth, and availability. The border region is divided into five zones or basins for ground-water supply; then the utilization of ground-water resources is detailed, including kinds of development and production water quality considerations, and present and future resource supply problems. Particular attention is paid to the extensive pumping proposals at San Luis, Sonora near the Colorado River. The need for better institutional arrangements to plan and manage the conjunctive use of both surface and ground-water supplies is discussed as a summary conclusion.This item is part of the Water Resources Research Center collection. It was digitized from a physical copy provided by the Water Resources Research Center at The University of Arizona. For more information about items in this collection, please contact the Center, (520) 621-9591 or see http://wrrc.arizona.edu

Classroom Capsules: Additivity ⊕ Homogeneity

A Classroom Capsule is a short article that contains a new insight on a topic taught in the earlier years of undergraduate mathematics

Peer Influence in Initiation to Heroin Use

Much research on heroin initiation shows that most people use heroin initially with friends or family. However, there is little research examining why those who use heroin would initiate others to its use, and conversely, whether and why one might try to prevent initial heroin use in others. Following recent work on peer influence on crime and delinquency, we test the hypothesis that those with higher levels of self-control are less likely to initiate others to heroin use and are more likely to try to prevent others from using for the first time. The sample included 370 persons entering an opioid withdrawal program. We find that those with low self-control are more likely to initiate others, but there is no relationship between self-control and trying to prevent initiation. We further investigate self-reported motives for initiating others, and find a mix of self-interested and more altruistic motives for initiating others

Beer Tourism in Kentucky: An Interpretation of Community Attachment and Locavore Behavior

Beer tourism in Kentucky is prevalent to the state’s economy and culture. This study focuses on community attachment as a means to predict locavore tendencies in the community regarding beer tourism in Kentucky. Using a Likert-scale survey, Bradley, Berend, & Maples analyzed the feeling of community attachment, locavore tendencies, and any existing barriers to locavore behavior. This paper uses their results to interpret Kentucky craft beer tourism and its importance to the community in which it exists. The data included the results from 761 resident responses, where there total complete surveys tallied 1071 responses, including those from non-residents; only responses from residents were used in this study. Visitors were 59.2% male and 37.3% female, 88.8% white, an average of 35.71 years old, earning a median income of $81.658.67. Results showed 73.3% of respondents have a Bachelor’s Degree or higher. With the Likert-scale (1=strongly agree; 5=strongly disagree), community attachment scored an average of 2.1847, showing visitors felt an attachment to their community, including the brewery they were visiting; locavore motivation scored a 1.9853, demonstrating strong motivation to consume locally produced and sold goods and services; and the locavore barriers scored a 3.1464 on the scale, indicating neutral, unsure, or indifferent reactions to any existing barriers in regard to their locavore behavior and choices. Based on these findings, community attachment can be used to predict locavore tendencies, and barriers for the population studied did not hold direct influence over their decisions. Results did show that the respondents agreed they can get a better price through a larger/national brand compared to local products, but does not seem to influence the decisions of the visitors regarding craft beer. Implications of this study are that beer tourism is associated with local consumers and their community attachment in Kentucky, and can help predict future behaviors